1947 NCAA Championships
Individual championship awards, preserved source match rows, independently reviewed bracket topology where available, and team standings reconstructed from the recorded match rows under the era’s scoring rules, reconciled against the NCAA’s published totals. This page does not infer official individual placements.
8weights
8individual champions
127recorded matches
127recorded outcomes
0corrected rows
Individual champions
| Weight | Champion | Program | Evidence | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Dick Hauser | Cornell College (IA) | Source final | Recorded final |
| 128 | Russ Bush | Northern Iowa | Source final | Recorded final |
| 136 | Lowell Lange | Cornell College (IA) | Source final | Recorded final |
| 145 | Bill Koll | Northern Iowa | Source final | Recorded final |
| 155 | Gale Mikles | Michigan State | Source final | Recorded final |
| 165 | Bill Nelson | Northern Iowa | Source final | Recorded final |
| 175 | Joe Scarpello | Iowa | Source final | Recorded final |
| Unlimited | Dick Hutton | Oklahoma State | Source final | Recorded final |
Team standings (reconstructed)
Points are recomputed from this year’s recorded match rows under the 1941 rule set: advancement (including bye advancement), bonus, and guaranteed-place increments, plus any curated adjustments. 14 of 32 program-years match the NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships Records Book totals exactly.
| Rank | Program | Points | Advancement | Bonus | Placement | Adjustments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cornell College (IA) | 32 | 0 | 10 | 22 | 0 |
| 2 | Northern Iowa | 19 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 0 |
| 3 | Oklahoma State | 15 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 4 | Michigan State | 11 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 0 |
| 5 | Oklahoma | 10 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
| 6 | Illinois | 9 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 |
| 7 | Iowa | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 8 | Iowa State | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 8 | Purdue (IN) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 10 | Michigan | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 10 | Minnesota | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 12 | Navy (MD) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 13 | Colorado State | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 13 | Northern Colorado | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Appalachian State (NC) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Colorado (College) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Indiana (IN) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Kansas State | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Kent State (OH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Lehigh (PA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Lock Haven (PA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Merchant Marine Academy (NY) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Nebraska | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Ohio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Ohio State | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Penn State | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Pennsylvania | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Rutgers (NJ) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Springfield (MA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Virginia Military | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Waynesburg (PA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | Wheaton (IL) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Published standings: NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships Records Book, All-Time Team Results, 1947. Programs the book lists without an archive entry that year are not shown.
Recorded matches
Results remain grouped by the archive’s documented round display order unless a weight links to a verified, approved bracket. Source round counts alone do not establish advancement routes.
| Year | Round | Recorded sides | Method | Recorded seeds | Match link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Arnold Plaza vs Ray Murdock | Dec 4–2 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Bill Jernigan vs William Mann | Dec 9–1 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Bob Dieli Sr. vs Guerino Petti | Dec 7–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Dick Hauser vs Garth Lappin | Dec 9–4 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Harold Mott vs Harlan Swanson | Dec 5–1 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Pilgrim McRaven vs Bob Bruner | Dec 12–8 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Ray Gibbs vs Frederick Moyer | Fall 6:35 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Arnold Plaza vs Pilgrim McRaven | Dec 10–9 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Bill Jernigan vs Ray Gibbs | Dec 2–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Dick Hauser vs Daniel Jencson | Fall 3:25 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Harold Mott vs Bob Dieli Sr. | Dec 4–2 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Bill Jernigan vs Harold Mott | Dec 5–2 | No. 1 / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Dick Hauser vs Arnold Plaza | Fall 3:50 | No. 2 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Dick Hauser vs Bill Jernigan | Fall 3:34 | No. 2 / No. 1 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Garth Lappin vs Daniel Jencson | Dec 6–0 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Ray Gibbs vs William Mann | Dec 6–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Garth Lappin vs Arnold Plaza | Dec 4–2 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Ray Gibbs vs Harold Mott | Dec 6–0 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Garth Lappin vs Ray Gibbs | Dec 5–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 128 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Lou Kachiroubas vs Orville Wise | Fall 4:26 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Dick Dickenson vs Charles 'Irving' Adams | Dec 8–1 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Lou Kachiroubas vs Leo Thomsen | Dec | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Paul McDaniel vs Jack Botts | Dec 4–3 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Russ Bush vs Joe Patacsil | Dec 12–6 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Lou Kachiroubas vs Dick Dickenson | Dec 5–3 | No. 1 / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Russ Bush vs Paul McDaniel | Dec 5–4 | No. 2 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Russ Bush vs Lou Kachiroubas | Dec 4–2 | No. 2 / No. 1 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Leo Thomsen vs Orville Wise | Dec 7–6 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Leo Thomsen vs Dick Dickenson | Dec 4–2 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Paul McDaniel vs Joe Patacsil | Dec 3–1 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Leo Thomsen vs Paul McDaniel | Dec 2–1 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 3 | Open |
| 136 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Alan Rice vs Bill Hinton | Dec 12–8 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Don Johnson vs Jack Sullivan | Dec 4–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Kenneth Watson vs Ivan Gilbaugh Jr. | Dec 12–7 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Leon 'L Wayne' Smith vs Bill Bayles | Dec 12–9 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Lowell Lange vs Charles Calderaro | Fall 4:21 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Nathan Bauer Sr. vs Jim Mohney | Dec 7–2 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Ralph Fuller vs Duane Hanson | Dec 8–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Kenneth Watson vs Alan Rice | Fall 7:23 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Leon 'L Wayne' Smith vs Tony Verga | Fall 5:58 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Lowell Lange vs Ralph Fuller | Dec 8–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Nathan Bauer Sr. vs Don Johnson | Dec 2–0 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Lowell Lange vs Kenneth Watson | Dec 4–0 | No. 1 / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Nathan Bauer Sr. vs Leon 'L Wayne' Smith | Dec 7–3 | No. 3 / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Lowell Lange vs Nathan Bauer Sr. | Dec 6–3 | No. 1 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Don Johnson vs Jim Mohney | Dec 11–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Ralph Fuller vs Charles Calderaro | Dec 7–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Don Johnson vs Leon 'L Wayne' Smith | Dec 8–1 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Kenneth Watson vs Ralph Fuller | Dec 3–2 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Don Johnson vs Kenneth Watson | Dec 7–5 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 145 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Bill Koll vs Ed Barnes | Dec 6–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Don Anderson vs Cecil 'Max' Sparks | Dec 12–5 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Joe Garcia vs Dick Ditsworth | Dec 6–5 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | John Fletcher II vs Elias George Jr. | Dec 7–3 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Rodger Snook vs Ernest Closser Jr. | Fall 8:53 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Stan Fansher vs Jim Maurey | Dec 13–5 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Tony Yamasaki vs Robert Sherrard | Dec 9–6 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Bill Koll vs Stan Fansher | Dec 8–2 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Don Anderson vs Tony Yamasaki | Dec 8–3 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | John Fletcher II vs Joe Garcia | Dec 12–3 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Rodger Snook vs Peter Willson | Fall 6:49 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Bill Koll vs Don Anderson | Dec 9–2 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Rodger Snook vs John Fletcher II | Fall 7:49 | No. 2 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Bill Koll vs Rodger Snook | Dec 7–2 | No. 1 / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Ernest Closser Jr. vs Peter Willson | Dec 4–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Stan Fansher vs Ed Barnes | Dec 3–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Don Anderson vs Stan Fansher | Dec | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | John Fletcher II vs Ernest Closser Jr. | Dec 3–2 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | John Fletcher II vs Don Anderson | Dec 6–5 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 155 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Bill Courtright vs Emil Tomick | Dec 9–3 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Don Mullison vs Delbert Bush | Dec 10–4 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Gale Mikles vs Virgil Counsell | Fall 5:30 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | James Wilkinson vs Grant Dixon | Dec 5–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Kenneth Marlin vs John St. Clair | Dec 9–4 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Leger Stecker vs Kent Lange | Dec 7–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Lester Davidson vs Wendell Harris | Fall 5:53 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Bill Courtright vs Leger Stecker | Dec 8–1 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Don Mullison vs Dick Black | Dflt | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Gale Mikles vs Kenneth Marlin | Dec 8–4 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | James Wilkinson vs Lester Davidson | Dec 17–11 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Bill Courtright vs James Wilkinson | Dec 6–3 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Gale Mikles vs Don Mullison | Fall 7:43 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Gale Mikles vs Bill Courtright | Dec 6–3 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 1 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Kenneth Marlin vs Virgil Counsell | Fall 5:21 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Leger Stecker vs Emil Tomick | Dec 7–2 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Kenneth Marlin vs Don Mullison | Dec 3–2 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Leger Stecker vs James Wilkinson | Dec 4–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Leger Stecker vs Kenneth Marlin | Dec 8–3 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 165 | |||||
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Bill Nelson vs James Clagett | Dec 9–3 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | David Shapiro vs Leon Tedder | Dec 5–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Fred Dexter vs James Conklin | Dec 6–2 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Jim Eagleton Sr. vs Bob Wisherd | Dec 5–2 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Bill Nelson vs David Shapiro | Dec 6–5 | No. 4 / No. 1 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Jim Eagleton Sr. vs Fred Dexter | Dec 4–1 | No. 2 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Bill Nelson vs Jim Eagleton Sr. | Fall 7:36 | No. 4 / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | David Shapiro vs James Clagett | Dec 10–1 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Fred Dexter vs Bob Wisherd | Dec 2–0 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Fred Dexter vs David Shapiro | Dec 8–6 | No. 3 / No. 1 | Open |
| 175 | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Dale Thomas vs Edward Ahrens | Fall 4:01 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Glen Brand vs LaDoit Stevens | Dec 6–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Glen Brand vs Dale Thomas | Dec 9–2 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Joe Klune vs Jim Jackson | Dec 8–3 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Joe Scarpello vs Waldemar Van Cott II | Dec 11–7 | No. 2 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Norman Anthonisen vs Jim Gregson | Dec 5–3 | No. 3 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Glen Brand vs Joe Klune | Fall 5:42 | No. 1 / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Joe Scarpello vs Norman Anthonisen | Dec 10–4 | No. 2 / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Joe Scarpello vs Glen Brand | Dec 10–6 | No. 2 / No. 1 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Dale Thomas vs LaDoit Stevens | Fall 5:42 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Dale Thomas vs Joe Klune | Fall 1:07 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Waldemar Van Cott II vs Norman Anthonisen | Dec 5–4 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Dale Thomas vs Waldemar Van Cott II | Dec 9–4 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| Unlimited | |||||
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Bob Geigel vs Dan Dworsky | Dec 4–2 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Glenn Blagg vs Bob Maldegan | Dec 8–7 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Leroy Alitz vs Mike DiBiase | Dec 5–4 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 2 | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Ray Gunkel vs Al Partin | Dec 7–2 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Round of 16 Champ 16 | Verne Gagne vs Richard Simmons | Dec 4–3 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Charles Gottfried vs Edward 'Zip' Zednick | Dec 6–0 | 0 · recorded zero / No. 3 | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Dick Hutton vs Glenn Blagg | Dec 3–0 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Ray Gunkel vs Leroy Alitz | Dec 4–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Quarterfinal Champ 8 | Verne Gagne vs Bob Geigel | Dec 6–1 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Dick Hutton vs Verne Gagne | Dec 2–1 | No. 1 / No. 4 | Open |
| 1947 | Semifinal Champ 4 | Ray Gunkel vs Charles Gottfried | Dec 7–2 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Championship final 1st | Dick Hutton vs Ray Gunkel | Dec 5–3 | No. 1 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #1 | Leroy Alitz vs Al Partin | Dec 8–4 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Charles Gottfried vs Leroy Alitz | Dec 4–1 | 0 · recorded zero / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Consi 4 #2 | Verne Gagne vs Glenn Blagg | Dec | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |
| 1947 | Third-place bout 3rd | Verne Gagne vs Charles Gottfried | Dec 4–2 | No. 4 / 0 · recorded zero | Open |